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OONI Coverage

Censorship monitoring only covers the networks where someone runs OONI Probe.

On this page
  1. Networks with the most users
  2. Networks without measurements
  3. Where measurements come from
  4. Daily measurements
  5. Users covered
  6. Messaging app tests
  7. Across regions
  8. Glossary
  9. How the numbers are calculated
  10. Help fill the gaps
  11. Reading the measurement data

OONI's censorship measurements come from volunteers running OONI Probe on their own connections. Within one region, each provider and network (ASN, autonomous system number) may block different sites, so when only one or two providers are measured, blocking on the others goes unrecorded. This page sets OONI's measurement counts against APNIC's estimates of how many users each network has, to show how many users the measurements cover, which networks they concentrate on, and which networks have none.

The page is regenerated every hour and OONI's measurements are read every six hours. Taiwan is shown by default, with other regions as reference points; switch between them with the region list below. The glossary at the end of the page explains the fields. Each quarter's changes are written up in the quarterly reports.

ChinaMyanmarCambodiaPakistanBangladeshHong Kong Users covered 66.6%Macau Users covered 85.9%Japan Users covered 84.4%South Korea Users covered 94.5%Singapore Users covered 82.1%Vietnam Users covered 99.0%Thailand Users covered 97.5%Malaysia Users covered 96.5%Indonesia Users covered 80.6%Philippines Users covered 89.9%India Users covered 91.6%Taiwan Users covered 88.6%
Users covered<75%75–85%85–90%90–95%≥95%TaiwanReference (app table only)Select a region on the map to open its page. Reference regions appear only in the messaging app table, for contrast with their records of blocking.

Measurements up to 2026-10-19 UTC · user estimates from 2026-10-15

Networks measured 31 +2vs previous 30 days
Users covered 88.6% -4.3 ppvs previous 30 days
Measurements 834,425 -153,105vs previous 30 days
Top two networks 64.3% -2.5 ppvs previous 30 days

Cards show the last 30 days, and the small charts show each day over the last 60. One measurement is OONI Probe's result for one website or service, so a single run of the website test produces hundreds. Users covered is the share of the region's internet users on networks with measurements. A lower share for the top two networks means the measurements are more spread out. pp means percentage points, the difference between two percentages.

Networks with the most users

The ten networks with the most users by the estimates of APNIC, the registry that allocates IP addresses and ASNs in the Asia Pacific. Users is the network's share of the region's internet users, Measured is its share of the region's measurements over the last 30 days, and Days is how many of those days it had any. Names are copied from registry records; in Taiwan, for example, HINET is Chunghwa Telecom's fixed network and EMOME-NET its mobile network. Networks with many users and few measurements are where running OONI Probe helps most.

Networks with the most usersUsersMeasured
ASNNameUsersMeasuredDays
AS3462 AS3462HINET - Data Communication Business Group 33.1% 40.2% 30
AS17421 AS17421EMOME-NET - Mobile Business Group 16.6% <0.1% 7
AS24158 AS24158taiwanmobile-as - Taiwan Mobile Co., Ltd. 14.9% 3.2% 30
AS9674 AS9674FET-TW - Far EastTone Telecommunication Co., Ltd. 13.4% 0.8% 12
AS38841 AS38841kbro-AS-TW - kbro CO. Ltd. 5.1% 0.0% 0
AS9416 AS9416MULTIMEDIA-AS-AP - Hoshin Multimedia Center Inc. 4.0% 0.6% 22
AS131596 AS131596TBCOM-NET - TBC 2.3% <0.1% 1
AS24164 AS24164UBBNET-AS-TW - UNION BROADBAND NETWORK 1.2% 0.0% 0
AS18049 AS18049TINP-TW - Taiwan Infrastructure Network Technologie 0.8% 1.7% 30
AS18419 AS18419DADA-AS-TW - DaDa Broadband LTD. 0.8% 6.2% 28

Networks without measurements

15 networks with at least 0.1% of users had no measurements in the last 30 days, about 10.1% of users in total.

ASNNameUsers
AS38841 AS38841kbro-AS-TW - kbro CO. Ltd. 5.14%
AS24164 AS24164UBBNET-AS-TW - UNION BROADBAND NETWORK 1.25%
AS24165 AS24165UBBNET-AS-TW - UNION BROADBAND NETWORK 0.76%
AS7482 AS7482APOL-AS - Asia Pacific On-line Service Inc. 0.63%
AS131602 AS131602HYA - Hsin Yeong An Cable TV Co., Ltd. 0.34%
AS24163 AS24163UBBNET-AS-TW - UNION BROADBAND NETWORK 0.31%
AS17809 AS17809VEETIME-TW-AP - VEE TIME CORP. 0.25%
AS18182 AS18182SONET-TW - Sony Network Taiwan Limited 0.24%

Where measurements come from

Each network's share of measurements over the last 30 days. When a few networks account for most of them, the rest can only be judged from scattered data.

Measurements by networkAS3462AS131584AS38845AS149791AS18419Others
  • AS3462HINET - Data Communication Business Group40.2%
  • AS131584TAIFO-AS-TW - Taiwan Intelligent Fiber Optic Network Co.,Ltd.24.1%
  • AS38845FJU-AS-TW - Fu Jen Catholic University10.1%
  • AS149791STARVERSE-AS-AP - StarVerse Network Ltd.8.4%
  • AS18419DADA-AS-TW - DaDa Broadband LTD.6.2%
  • Others11.1%

3 more networks are not in APNIC's user estimates and account for 9.0% of measurements; most are academic, hosting, or cloud networks.

Daily measurements

Measurements OONI Probe sends from this region each day, split by result. OK means the result matched the control. An anomaly means it did not, which can be blocking but also an unstable connection or a problem with the site itself. Confirmed blocking is an anomaly that matches a known blocking pattern, such as a redirect to a block page. Failure means the test did not complete, for example because the connection dropped midway.

Measurements per dayOKAnomalyConfirmedFailure
025k50k08/2109/2010/192026/08/21 OK 34,7712026/08/21 Anomaly 1,0622026/08/21 Confirmed 02026/08/21 Failure 2,2882026/08/22 OK 34,6192026/08/22 Anomaly 8942026/08/22 Confirmed 02026/08/22 Failure 2,7312026/08/23 OK 35,7092026/08/23 Anomaly 1,2952026/08/23 Confirmed 02026/08/23 Failure 3,0252026/08/24 OK 36,7082026/08/24 Anomaly 1,3452026/08/24 Confirmed 02026/08/24 Failure 3,5072026/08/25 OK 35,5322026/08/25 Anomaly 1,1742026/08/25 Confirmed 02026/08/25 Failure 3,6082026/08/26 OK 33,5002026/08/26 Anomaly 8362026/08/26 Confirmed 02026/08/26 Failure 2,5512026/08/27 OK 30,3522026/08/27 Anomaly 1,2532026/08/27 Confirmed 02026/08/27 Failure 3,0662026/08/28 OK 28,8292026/08/28 Anomaly 9622026/08/28 Confirmed 02026/08/28 Failure 2,6952026/08/29 OK 27,5562026/08/29 Anomaly 9342026/08/29 Confirmed 02026/08/29 Failure 4,8412026/08/30 OK 23,8052026/08/30 Anomaly 6282026/08/30 Confirmed 12026/08/30 Failure 3,6272026/08/31 OK 22,2462026/08/31 Anomaly 4712026/08/31 Confirmed 12026/08/31 Failure 2,4692026/09/01 OK 25,4672026/09/01 Anomaly 7782026/09/01 Confirmed 02026/09/01 Failure 3,0702026/09/02 OK 27,7392026/09/02 Anomaly 9012026/09/02 Confirmed 02026/09/02 Failure 4,1962026/09/03 OK 26,3572026/09/03 Anomaly 5552026/09/03 Confirmed 02026/09/03 Failure 2,8292026/09/04 OK 29,9652026/09/04 Anomaly 6122026/09/04 Confirmed 02026/09/04 Failure 4,3322026/09/05 OK 29,3832026/09/05 Anomaly 6112026/09/05 Confirmed 02026/09/05 Failure 4,6132026/09/06 OK 27,8902026/09/06 Anomaly 7072026/09/06 Confirmed 02026/09/06 Failure 3,5682026/09/07 OK 29,1422026/09/07 Anomaly 4902026/09/07 Confirmed 02026/09/07 Failure 2,5932026/09/08 OK 27,6202026/09/08 Anomaly 5922026/09/08 Confirmed 02026/09/08 Failure 3,2192026/09/09 OK 28,7432026/09/09 Anomaly 5022026/09/09 Confirmed 02026/09/09 Failure 2,4052026/09/10 OK 29,2672026/09/10 Anomaly 5442026/09/10 Confirmed 02026/09/10 Failure 4,1702026/09/11 OK 28,2582026/09/11 Anomaly 5822026/09/11 Confirmed 02026/09/11 Failure 4,6952026/09/12 OK 30,9022026/09/12 Anomaly 7152026/09/12 Confirmed 02026/09/12 Failure 4,1422026/09/13 OK 30,2482026/09/13 Anomaly 5842026/09/13 Confirmed 02026/09/13 Failure 3,6302026/09/14 OK 28,1882026/09/14 Anomaly 6822026/09/14 Confirmed 02026/09/14 Failure 3,6222026/09/15 OK 25,4432026/09/15 Anomaly 4862026/09/15 Confirmed 02026/09/15 Failure 2,1372026/09/16 OK 22,2352026/09/16 Anomaly 4902026/09/16 Confirmed 02026/09/16 Failure 2,5152026/09/17 OK 24,3402026/09/17 Anomaly 6112026/09/17 Confirmed 02026/09/17 Failure 3,4762026/09/18 OK 24,1662026/09/18 Anomaly 5682026/09/18 Confirmed 12026/09/18 Failure 2,6512026/09/19 OK 26,0422026/09/19 Anomaly 7792026/09/19 Confirmed 12026/09/19 Failure 3,5902026/09/20 OK 26,1152026/09/20 Anomaly 1,0212026/09/20 Confirmed 12026/09/20 Failure 2,8142026/09/21 OK 23,3852026/09/21 Anomaly 7032026/09/21 Confirmed 02026/09/21 Failure 3,2252026/09/22 OK 25,5752026/09/22 Anomaly 7242026/09/22 Confirmed 02026/09/22 Failure 4,9692026/09/23 OK 23,4542026/09/23 Anomaly 6602026/09/23 Confirmed 22026/09/23 Failure 2,8792026/09/24 OK 23,9422026/09/24 Anomaly 8172026/09/24 Confirmed 02026/09/24 Failure 4,1132026/09/25 OK 28,1762026/09/25 Anomaly 1,3122026/09/25 Confirmed 12026/09/25 Failure 4,5472026/09/26 OK 26,4832026/09/26 Anomaly 1,0702026/09/26 Confirmed 22026/09/26 Failure 3,4892026/09/27 OK 26,1392026/09/27 Anomaly 7872026/09/27 Confirmed 02026/09/27 Failure 3,3312026/09/28 OK 26,4552026/09/28 Anomaly 6192026/09/28 Confirmed 02026/09/28 Failure 4,0852026/09/29 OK 24,6672026/09/29 Anomaly 5652026/09/29 Confirmed 12026/09/29 Failure 4,4902026/09/30 OK 25,6382026/09/30 Anomaly 6162026/09/30 Confirmed 02026/09/30 Failure 3,9012026/10/01 OK 26,1852026/10/01 Anomaly 9292026/10/01 Confirmed 02026/10/01 Failure 4,2222026/10/02 OK 26,1012026/10/02 Anomaly 7742026/10/02 Confirmed 02026/10/02 Failure 4,2242026/10/03 OK 25,0312026/10/03 Anomaly 7232026/10/03 Confirmed 02026/10/03 Failure 3,1282026/10/04 OK 25,1562026/10/04 Anomaly 5622026/10/04 Confirmed 02026/10/04 Failure 2,3282026/10/05 OK 25,5762026/10/05 Anomaly 6472026/10/05 Confirmed 02026/10/05 Failure 3,6132026/10/06 OK 23,7192026/10/06 Anomaly 5952026/10/06 Confirmed 02026/10/06 Failure 2,3052026/10/07 OK 26,3352026/10/07 Anomaly 5942026/10/07 Confirmed 02026/10/07 Failure 2,6942026/10/08 OK 24,5042026/10/08 Anomaly 5962026/10/08 Confirmed 02026/10/08 Failure 2,6962026/10/09 OK 25,1642026/10/09 Anomaly 8892026/10/09 Confirmed 12026/10/09 Failure 2,2652026/10/10 OK 21,7722026/10/10 Anomaly 5882026/10/10 Confirmed 02026/10/10 Failure 1,9382026/10/11 OK 21,7852026/10/11 Anomaly 4862026/10/11 Confirmed 02026/10/11 Failure 1,6002026/10/12 OK 22,3842026/10/12 Anomaly 6072026/10/12 Confirmed 02026/10/12 Failure 1,5712026/10/13 OK 19,5112026/10/13 Anomaly 5762026/10/13 Confirmed 02026/10/13 Failure 1,7712026/10/14 OK 14,5742026/10/14 Anomaly 3892026/10/14 Confirmed 02026/10/14 Failure 9362026/10/15 OK 21,4662026/10/15 Anomaly 8572026/10/15 Confirmed 02026/10/15 Failure 2,4352026/10/16 OK 23,5752026/10/16 Anomaly 6912026/10/16 Confirmed 02026/10/16 Failure 1,3802026/10/17 OK 24,8922026/10/17 Anomaly 7082026/10/17 Confirmed 02026/10/17 Failure 1,8062026/10/18 OK 23,4722026/10/18 Anomaly 7022026/10/18 Confirmed 02026/10/18 Failure 3,6552026/10/19 OK 21,4782026/10/19 Anomaly 7522026/10/19 Confirmed 02026/10/19 Failure 3,739
Networks measured per day
0102008/2109/2010/192026/08/21 Networks measured 162026/08/22 Networks measured 162026/08/23 Networks measured 142026/08/24 Networks measured 162026/08/25 Networks measured 182026/08/26 Networks measured 152026/08/27 Networks measured 152026/08/28 Networks measured 142026/08/29 Networks measured 152026/08/30 Networks measured 122026/08/31 Networks measured 122026/09/01 Networks measured 142026/09/02 Networks measured 182026/09/03 Networks measured 182026/09/04 Networks measured 172026/09/05 Networks measured 162026/09/06 Networks measured 132026/09/07 Networks measured 162026/09/08 Networks measured 152026/09/09 Networks measured 172026/09/10 Networks measured 162026/09/11 Networks measured 162026/09/12 Networks measured 152026/09/13 Networks measured 152026/09/14 Networks measured 162026/09/15 Networks measured 152026/09/16 Networks measured 152026/09/17 Networks measured 172026/09/18 Networks measured 152026/09/19 Networks measured 142026/09/20 Networks measured 152026/09/21 Networks measured 142026/09/22 Networks measured 142026/09/23 Networks measured 142026/09/24 Networks measured 172026/09/25 Networks measured 162026/09/26 Networks measured 162026/09/27 Networks measured 142026/09/28 Networks measured 172026/09/29 Networks measured 142026/09/30 Networks measured 162026/10/01 Networks measured 162026/10/02 Networks measured 152026/10/03 Networks measured 142026/10/04 Networks measured 132026/10/05 Networks measured 142026/10/06 Networks measured 172026/10/07 Networks measured 162026/10/08 Networks measured 132026/10/09 Networks measured 132026/10/10 Networks measured 142026/10/11 Networks measured 132026/10/12 Networks measured 122026/10/13 Networks measured 132026/10/14 Networks measured 142026/10/15 Networks measured 142026/10/16 Networks measured 122026/10/17 Networks measured 142026/10/18 Networks measured 132026/10/19 Networks measured 15

Users covered

The share of this region's internet users, by APNIC's estimates, on networks that had at least one measurement that day. One measurement is enough to count, so this is an upper bound rather than a sign that every network is measured enough.

Users covered (%)
05010008/2109/2010/192026/08/21 Users covered 78.22026/08/22 Users covered 78.22026/08/23 Users covered 59.42026/08/24 Users covered 61.62026/08/25 Users covered 76.42026/08/26 Users covered 54.32026/08/27 Users covered 73.12026/08/28 Users covered 59.82026/08/29 Users covered 71.32026/08/30 Users covered 54.52026/08/31 Users covered 67.92026/09/01 Users covered 54.72026/09/02 Users covered 68.42026/09/03 Users covered 90.02026/09/04 Users covered 73.32026/09/05 Users covered 60.12026/09/06 Users covered 55.72026/09/07 Users covered 72.82026/09/08 Users covered 69.22026/09/09 Users covered 73.42026/09/10 Users covered 73.22026/09/11 Users covered 76.32026/09/12 Users covered 73.02026/09/13 Users covered 72.62026/09/14 Users covered 73.22026/09/15 Users covered 73.22026/09/16 Users covered 56.02026/09/17 Users covered 68.42026/09/18 Users covered 55.02026/09/19 Users covered 54.62026/09/20 Users covered 71.22026/09/21 Users covered 68.72026/09/22 Users covered 54.62026/09/23 Users covered 50.72026/09/24 Users covered 68.52026/09/25 Users covered 84.52026/09/26 Users covered 64.12026/09/27 Users covered 54.62026/09/28 Users covered 55.32026/09/29 Users covered 54.62026/09/30 Users covered 68.12026/10/01 Users covered 67.62026/10/02 Users covered 64.02026/10/03 Users covered 67.72026/10/04 Users covered 54.42026/10/05 Users covered 63.52026/10/06 Users covered 72.02026/10/07 Users covered 68.02026/10/08 Users covered 63.52026/10/09 Users covered 54.12026/10/10 Users covered 83.92026/10/11 Users covered 54.12026/10/12 Users covered 50.12026/10/13 Users covered 54.12026/10/14 Users covered 83.32026/10/15 Users covered 50.32026/10/16 Users covered 53.32026/10/17 Users covered 70.42026/10/18 Users covered 54.12026/10/19 Users covered 54.1

Steady coverage

Coverage counts a network as soon as it has a single measurement, even if it was measured on only a day or two. Steady coverage counts only networks measured on at least 15 of the last 30 days. The wider the gap between the two, the more users sit on networks with only scattered measurements.

Users covered 88.6% Measured on at least one day
Users steadily covered 54.1% Measured on at least 15 days

Messaging app tests

OONI Probe tests whether the servers of Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram can be reached. An anomaly only means the result differed from what was expected, which an unstable connection can also cause. An anomaly rate close to 100% usually means the app is blocked there. Rates are left out when there were fewer than 30 measurements in the last 30 days.

Anomaly rate in Taiwan, last 30 days
  • Signal0.9%
  • WhatsApp1.8%
  • Telegram1.6%

Up to 4,767 measurements per app

Across regions

Users covered by networks measured in the last 30 days. Each small chart shows the daily coverage over the last 60 days on one shared scale, so the levels compare directly. Open a region for its full charts.

TaiwanTW 88.6% Hong KongHK 66.6% MacauMO 85.9% JapanJP 84.4% South KoreaKR 94.5% SingaporeSG 82.1% VietnamVN 99.0% ThailandTH 97.5% MalaysiaMY 96.5% IndonesiaID 80.6% PhilippinesPH 89.9% IndiaIN 91.6%

Small-chart scale: 0% to 100%.

RegionCoveredSteady
TaiwanTW 88.6% 54.1%
Hong KongHK 66.6% 31.2%
MacauMO 85.9% 0.0%
JapanJP 84.4% 72.9%
South KoreaKR 94.5% 81.8%
SingaporeSG 82.1% 35.2%
VietnamVN 99.0% 93.9%
ThailandTH 97.5% 48.9%
MalaysiaMY 96.5% 95.1%
IndonesiaID 80.6% 69.7%
PhilippinesPH 89.9% 86.9%
IndiaIN 91.6% 86.3%

Messaging app anomaly rates across regions

Anomaly rates over the last 30 days, with rates above half highlighted. The last rows are reference regions without their own pages, which have records of blocking to compare against.

RegionSignalWhatsAppTelegram
TaiwanTW 0.9%1.8%1.6%
Hong KongHK 1.0%0.7%0.5%
MacauMO –––
JapanJP 0.5%0.7%0.5%
South KoreaKR 0.2%2.7%2.4%
SingaporeSG 1.0%0.3%1.2%
VietnamVN 0.1%0.2%0.5%
ThailandTH 0.5%0.2%0.3%
MalaysiaMY <0.1%0.1%1.1%
IndonesiaID 3.0%0.5%0.7%
PhilippinesPH 0.2%0.1%2.6%
IndiaIN 1.9%0.4%1.7%
Reference regions
ChinaCN 98.6%98.2%99.1%
MyanmarMM 97.3%98.8%0.4%
CambodiaKH 29.6%35.4%2.4%
PakistanPK 97.2%0.6%99.4%
BangladeshBD 0.5%0.2%0.3%

Glossary

  • OONI Probe: an open-source app from OONI that tests from a phone or computer whether websites and services can be reached, with the results published in OONI's database
  • Measurement: one result of OONI Probe testing one website or service. A single run of the website test produces hundreds, so a high count does not mean many people ran tests
  • Autonomous system (ASN): a group of networks run by one organisation under one routing policy, such as a telecom, a university or a cloud provider, each with its own AS number. A telecom's fixed and mobile networks are often separate ASNs
  • Network names: copied from APNIC and RIPE NCC registry records and often abbreviated. In Taiwan, for example, HINET is Chunghwa Telecom's fixed network and EMOME-NET its mobile network
  • APNIC: the Asia Pacific Network Information Centre, which allocates IP addresses and ASNs in the region and estimates each network's users from sampled web ads
  • Users, Measured (%): Users is the network's share of the region's internet users, and Measured is its share of the region's measurements. The further apart the two are, the more the measurements are out of proportion to the users
  • Days: how many of the last 30 days had any measurements
  • Users covered: the share of the region's internet users on networks with measurements, where a single measurement is enough to count
  • Users steadily covered: counts only networks measured on at least 15 of the last 30 days
  • Top two networks: the share of measurements from the two most measured networks; lower means more spread out
  • pp (percentage points): the difference between two percentages. Coverage going from 94.6% to 93.9% is written as −0.7 pp
  • OK, anomaly, confirmed, failure: OK means the result matched the control. An anomaly means it did not, which can be blocking or an unstable connection. Confirmed blocking is an anomaly matching a known blocking pattern. A failure is a test that did not complete
  • Anomaly rate (messaging apps): the share of the app's measurements that were anomalies. Close to 100% usually means the app is blocked there
  • Reference region: a region without its own page, listed in a comparison table for contrast

How the numbers are calculated

  • Measurement counts come from OONI's aggregation API, across all tests, grouped by the day each measurement started (UTC)
  • Users per network are APNIC's estimates, derived from ad-based sampling and updated weekly
  • Network names come from the APNIC and RIPE NCC ASN name lists
  • A single measurement is enough for a network to count as measured; whether it is measured enough shows in its share of measurements and the number of days
  • Steady coverage counts only networks measured on at least 15 of the last 30 days
  • Messaging app results also come from the OONI aggregation API, counted by region; the reference regions at the end of the table have no pages of their own
  • Days without measurements are left as gaps in the charts rather than filled in

Help fill the gaps

  • Install OONI Probe and run tests on your own connection, on a phone or a computer. Mobile data and home broadband are usually different ASNs, so testing on both helps
  • The community's OONI Run link 10328 sets everything up in one tap; see the OONI Run v2 guide for the risks to consider before installing and what the list contains
  • Maintaining the OONI Test List: the list decides which websites get tested, and help with Taiwan's tw.csv is welcome
  • ASN Coverage: a command-line tool that downloads raw measurements and breaks them down by network type and blocking method

Reading the measurement data