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ProjectsOONI Coverage

OONI coverage in Macau

On this page
  1. Networks with the most users
  2. Networks without measurements
  3. Where measurements come from
  4. Daily measurements
  5. Users covered
  6. Messaging app tests
  7. Across regions
  8. Glossary
  9. How the numbers are calculated
  10. Help fill the gaps
  11. Reading the measurement data

OONI's censorship measurements come from volunteers running OONI Probe on their own connections. Within one region, each provider and network (ASN, autonomous system number) may block different sites, so when only one or two providers are measured, blocking on the others goes unrecorded. This page sets OONI's measurement counts against APNIC's estimates of how many users each network has, to show how many users the measurements cover, which networks they concentrate on, and which networks have none.

The page is regenerated every hour and OONI's measurements are read every six hours. Taiwan is shown by default, with other regions as reference points; switch between them with the region list below. The glossary at the end of the page explains the fields. Each quarter's changes are written up in the quarterly reports.

ChinaMyanmarCambodiaPakistanBangladeshTaiwan Users covered 88.6%Hong Kong Users covered 66.6%Japan Users covered 84.4%South Korea Users covered 94.5%Singapore Users covered 82.1%Vietnam Users covered 99.0%Thailand Users covered 97.5%Malaysia Users covered 96.5%Indonesia Users covered 80.6%Philippines Users covered 89.9%India Users covered 91.6%Macau Users covered 85.9%
Users covered<75%75–85%85–90%90–95%≥95%MacauReference (app table only)Select a region on the map to open its page. Reference regions appear only in the messaging app table, for contrast with their records of blocking.

Measurements up to 2026-10-08 UTC · user estimates from 2026-10-15

Networks measured 3
Users covered 85.9%
Measurements 568
Top two networks 99.8%

Cards show the last 30 days, and the small charts show each day over the last 60. One measurement is OONI Probe's result for one website or service, so a single run of the website test produces hundreds. Users covered is the share of the region's internet users on networks with measurements. A lower share for the top two networks means the measurements are more spread out. pp means percentage points, the difference between two percentages.

Networks with the most users

The ten networks with the most users by the estimates of APNIC, the registry that allocates IP addresses and ASNs in the Asia Pacific. Users is the network's share of the region's internet users, Measured is its share of the region's measurements over the last 30 days, and Days is how many of those days it had any. Names are copied from registry records; in Taiwan, for example, HINET is Chunghwa Telecom's fixed network and EMOME-NET its mobile network. Networks with many users and few measurements are where running OONI Probe helps most.

Networks with the most usersUsersMeasured
ASNNameUsersMeasuredDays
AS4609 AS4609CTM-MO - Companhia de Telecomunicacoes de Macau SARL 84.1% 51.8% 3
AS136167 AS136167CHINATELECOM-AS-AP - CHINA TELECOM (MACAU) COMPANY LIMITED 11.7% 0.0% 0
AS133613 AS133613MTEL-AS - MTel telecommunication company ltd. 1.1% 0.0% 0
AS209854 AS209854Cyberzonehub - Cyberzone S.A. 1.0% 48.1% 1
AS151338 AS151338POLONETWORK-AS-AP - POLONETWORK LIMITED 0.9% 0.0% 0
AS61112 AS61112AkileCloud - AKILE LTD 0.7% 0.2% 1
AS202736 AS202736WISDOM - WISDOM CLOUD INTERNET TECHNOLOGY PTE. LTD. 0.2% 0.0% 0
AS13335 AS13335CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc. 0.1% 0.0% 0
AS137409 AS137409GSLNETWORKS-AS-AP - GSL Networks Pty LTD 0.1% 0.0% 0
AS138164 AS138164MUST-AS-AP - Macau University of Science and Technology 0.0% 0.0% 0

Networks without measurements

4 networks with at least 0.1% of users had no measurements in the last 30 days, about 13.9% of users in total.

ASNNameUsers
AS136167 AS136167CHINATELECOM-AS-AP - CHINA TELECOM (MACAU) COMPANY LIMITED 11.67%
AS133613 AS133613MTEL-AS - MTel telecommunication company ltd. 1.06%
AS151338 AS151338POLONETWORK-AS-AP - POLONETWORK LIMITED 0.93%
AS202736 AS202736WISDOM - WISDOM CLOUD INTERNET TECHNOLOGY PTE. LTD. 0.23%

Where measurements come from

Each network's share of measurements over the last 30 days. When a few networks account for most of them, the rest can only be judged from scattered data.

Measurements by networkAS4609AS209854AS61112
  • AS4609CTM-MO - Companhia de Telecomunicacoes de Macau SARL51.8%
  • AS209854Cyberzonehub - Cyberzone S.A.48.1%
  • AS61112AkileCloud - AKILE LTD0.2%

Daily measurements

Measurements OONI Probe sends from this region each day, split by result. OK means the result matched the control. An anomaly means it did not, which can be blocking but also an unstable connection or a problem with the site itself. Confirmed blocking is an anomaly that matches a known blocking pattern, such as a redirect to a block page. Failure means the test did not complete, for example because the connection dropped midway.

Measurements per dayOKAnomalyConfirmedFailure
025050008/2709/1710/082026/08/27 OK 2962026/08/27 Anomaly 422026/08/27 Confirmed 02026/08/27 Failure 672026/08/28 OK 802026/08/28 Anomaly 262026/08/28 Confirmed 02026/08/28 Failure 192026/08/29 OK 1162026/08/29 Anomaly 862026/08/29 Confirmed 02026/08/29 Failure 192026/09/09 OK 2132026/09/09 Anomaly 72026/09/09 Confirmed 02026/09/09 Failure 532026/09/15 OK 02026/09/15 Anomaly 12026/09/15 Confirmed 02026/09/15 Failure 02026/09/24 OK 582026/09/24 Anomaly 32026/09/24 Confirmed 02026/09/24 Failure 12026/09/29 OK 1752026/09/29 Anomaly 22026/09/29 Confirmed 02026/09/29 Failure 02026/10/08 OK 552026/10/08 Anomaly 02026/10/08 Confirmed 02026/10/08 Failure 0
Networks measured per day
00.5108/2709/1710/082026/08/27 Networks measured 12026/08/28 Networks measured 12026/08/29 Networks measured 12026/09/09 Networks measured 12026/09/15 Networks measured 12026/09/24 Networks measured 12026/09/29 Networks measured 12026/10/08 Networks measured 1

Users covered

The share of this region's internet users, by APNIC's estimates, on networks that had at least one measurement that day. One measurement is enough to count, so this is an upper bound rather than a sign that every network is measured enough.

Users covered (%)
05010008/2709/1710/082026/08/27 Users covered 02026/08/28 Users covered 02026/08/29 Users covered 02026/09/09 Users covered 1.02026/09/15 Users covered 0.72026/09/24 Users covered 84.12026/09/29 Users covered 84.12026/10/08 Users covered 84.1

Steady coverage

Coverage counts a network as soon as it has a single measurement, even if it was measured on only a day or two. Steady coverage counts only networks measured on at least 15 of the last 30 days. The wider the gap between the two, the more users sit on networks with only scattered measurements.

Users covered 85.9% Measured on at least one day
Users steadily covered 0.0% Measured on at least 15 days

Messaging app tests

OONI Probe tests whether the servers of Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram can be reached. An anomaly only means the result differed from what was expected, which an unstable connection can also cause. An anomaly rate close to 100% usually means the app is blocked there. Rates are left out when there were fewer than 30 measurements in the last 30 days.

Anomaly rate in Macau, last 30 days
  • Signal–
  • WhatsApp–
  • Telegram–

Up to 3 measurements per app

Across regions

Users covered by networks measured in the last 30 days. Each small chart shows the daily coverage over the last 60 days on one shared scale, so the levels compare directly. Open a region for its full charts.

TaiwanTW 88.6% Hong KongHK 66.6% MacauMO 85.9% JapanJP 84.4% South KoreaKR 94.5% SingaporeSG 82.1% VietnamVN 99.0% ThailandTH 97.5% MalaysiaMY 96.5% IndonesiaID 80.6% PhilippinesPH 89.9% IndiaIN 91.6%

Small-chart scale: 0% to 100%.

RegionCoveredSteady
TaiwanTW 88.6% 54.1%
Hong KongHK 66.6% 31.2%
MacauMO 85.9% 0.0%
JapanJP 84.4% 72.9%
South KoreaKR 94.5% 81.8%
SingaporeSG 82.1% 35.2%
VietnamVN 99.0% 93.9%
ThailandTH 97.5% 48.9%
MalaysiaMY 96.5% 95.1%
IndonesiaID 80.6% 69.7%
PhilippinesPH 89.9% 86.9%
IndiaIN 91.6% 86.3%

Messaging app anomaly rates across regions

Anomaly rates over the last 30 days, with rates above half highlighted. The last rows are reference regions without their own pages, which have records of blocking to compare against.

RegionSignalWhatsAppTelegram
TaiwanTW 0.9%1.8%1.6%
Hong KongHK 1.0%0.7%0.5%
MacauMO –––
JapanJP 0.5%0.7%0.5%
South KoreaKR 0.2%2.7%2.4%
SingaporeSG 1.0%0.3%1.2%
VietnamVN 0.1%0.2%0.5%
ThailandTH 0.5%0.2%0.3%
MalaysiaMY <0.1%0.1%1.1%
IndonesiaID 3.0%0.5%0.7%
PhilippinesPH 0.2%0.1%2.6%
IndiaIN 1.9%0.4%1.7%
Reference regions
ChinaCN 98.6%98.2%99.1%
MyanmarMM 97.3%98.8%0.4%
CambodiaKH 29.6%35.4%2.4%
PakistanPK 97.2%0.6%99.4%
BangladeshBD 0.5%0.2%0.3%

Glossary

  • OONI Probe: an open-source app from OONI that tests from a phone or computer whether websites and services can be reached, with the results published in OONI's database
  • Measurement: one result of OONI Probe testing one website or service. A single run of the website test produces hundreds, so a high count does not mean many people ran tests
  • Autonomous system (ASN): a group of networks run by one organisation under one routing policy, such as a telecom, a university or a cloud provider, each with its own AS number. A telecom's fixed and mobile networks are often separate ASNs
  • Network names: copied from APNIC and RIPE NCC registry records and often abbreviated. In Taiwan, for example, HINET is Chunghwa Telecom's fixed network and EMOME-NET its mobile network
  • APNIC: the Asia Pacific Network Information Centre, which allocates IP addresses and ASNs in the region and estimates each network's users from sampled web ads
  • Users, Measured (%): Users is the network's share of the region's internet users, and Measured is its share of the region's measurements. The further apart the two are, the more the measurements are out of proportion to the users
  • Days: how many of the last 30 days had any measurements
  • Users covered: the share of the region's internet users on networks with measurements, where a single measurement is enough to count
  • Users steadily covered: counts only networks measured on at least 15 of the last 30 days
  • Top two networks: the share of measurements from the two most measured networks; lower means more spread out
  • pp (percentage points): the difference between two percentages. Coverage going from 94.6% to 93.9% is written as −0.7 pp
  • OK, anomaly, confirmed, failure: OK means the result matched the control. An anomaly means it did not, which can be blocking or an unstable connection. Confirmed blocking is an anomaly matching a known blocking pattern. A failure is a test that did not complete
  • Anomaly rate (messaging apps): the share of the app's measurements that were anomalies. Close to 100% usually means the app is blocked there
  • Reference region: a region without its own page, listed in a comparison table for contrast

How the numbers are calculated

  • Measurement counts come from OONI's aggregation API, across all tests, grouped by the day each measurement started (UTC)
  • Users per network are APNIC's estimates, derived from ad-based sampling and updated weekly
  • Network names come from the APNIC and RIPE NCC ASN name lists
  • A single measurement is enough for a network to count as measured; whether it is measured enough shows in its share of measurements and the number of days
  • Steady coverage counts only networks measured on at least 15 of the last 30 days
  • Messaging app results also come from the OONI aggregation API, counted by region; the reference regions at the end of the table have no pages of their own
  • Days without measurements are left as gaps in the charts rather than filled in

Help fill the gaps

  • Install OONI Probe and run tests on your own connection, on a phone or a computer. Mobile data and home broadband are usually different ASNs, so testing on both helps
  • The community's OONI Run link 10328 sets everything up in one tap; see the OONI Run v2 guide for the risks to consider before installing and what the list contains
  • Maintaining the OONI Test List: the list decides which websites get tested, and help with Taiwan's tw.csv is welcome
  • ASN Coverage: a command-line tool that downloads raw measurements and breaks them down by network type and blocking method

Reading the measurement data