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ProjectsOONI Coverage

OONI coverage in South Korea

On this page
  1. Networks with the most users
  2. Networks without measurements
  3. Where measurements come from
  4. Daily measurements
  5. Users covered
  6. Messaging app tests
  7. Across regions
  8. Glossary
  9. How the numbers are calculated
  10. Help fill the gaps
  11. Reading the measurement data

OONI's censorship measurements come from volunteers running OONI Probe on their own connections. Within one region, each provider and network (ASN, autonomous system number) may block different sites, so when only one or two providers are measured, blocking on the others goes unrecorded. This page sets OONI's measurement counts against APNIC's estimates of how many users each network has, to show how many users the measurements cover, which networks they concentrate on, and which networks have none.

The page is regenerated every hour and OONI's measurements are read every six hours. Taiwan is shown by default, with other regions as reference points; switch between them with the region list below. The glossary at the end of the page explains the fields. Each quarter's changes are written up in the quarterly reports.

ChinaMyanmarCambodiaPakistanBangladeshTaiwan Users covered 88.6%Hong Kong Users covered 66.6%Macau Users covered 85.9%Japan Users covered 84.4%Singapore Users covered 82.1%Vietnam Users covered 99.0%Thailand Users covered 97.5%Malaysia Users covered 96.5%Indonesia Users covered 80.6%Philippines Users covered 89.9%India Users covered 91.6%South Korea Users covered 94.5%
Users covered<75%75–85%85–90%90–95%≥95%South KoreaReference (app table only)Select a region on the map to open its page. Reference regions appear only in the messaging app table, for contrast with their records of blocking.

Measurements up to 2026-10-19 UTC · user estimates from 2026-10-15

Networks measured 22 +5vs previous 30 days
Users covered 94.5% +1.1 ppvs previous 30 days
Measurements 207,336 +41,553vs previous 30 days
Top two networks 48.5% +4.8 ppvs previous 30 days

Cards show the last 30 days, and the small charts show each day over the last 60. One measurement is OONI Probe's result for one website or service, so a single run of the website test produces hundreds. Users covered is the share of the region's internet users on networks with measurements. A lower share for the top two networks means the measurements are more spread out. pp means percentage points, the difference between two percentages.

Networks with the most users

The ten networks with the most users by the estimates of APNIC, the registry that allocates IP addresses and ASNs in the Asia Pacific. Users is the network's share of the region's internet users, Measured is its share of the region's measurements over the last 30 days, and Days is how many of those days it had any. Names are copied from registry records; in Taiwan, for example, HINET is Chunghwa Telecom's fixed network and EMOME-NET its mobile network. Networks with many users and few measurements are where running OONI Probe helps most.

Networks with the most usersUsersMeasured
ASNNameUsersMeasuredDays
AS4766 AS4766KIXS-AS-KR-KR - Korea Telecom 46.1% 24.0% 30
AS17858 AS17858POWERVIS-AS-KR-KR - LG POWERCOMM 19.9% 24.5% 30
AS9644 AS9644SKTELECOM-NET-AS-KR - SK Telecom 10.6% 0.2% 2
AS17853 AS17853LGTELECOM-AS-KR-KR - LGTELECOM 6.8% 10.7% 24
AS3786 AS3786LGDACOM-KR - LG DACOM Corporation 4.8% 2.1% 18
AS9316 AS9316DACOM-PUBNETPLUS-AS-KR-KR - DACOM-PUBNETPLUS 2.6% 7.4% 17
AS9318 AS9318SKB-AS-KR - SK Broadband Co Ltd 1.6% 21.4% 30
AS10036 AS10036CNM-AS-KR-KR - DLIVE 1.0% 2.1% 6
AS16509 AS16509AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc. 0.6% <0.1% 3
AS9845 AS9845CJCKN-AS-KR-KR - LG HelloVision Corp. 0.3% 0.0% 0

Networks without measurements

15 networks with at least 0.1% of users had no measurements in the last 30 days, about 2.4% of users in total.

ASNNameUsers
AS9845 AS9845CJCKN-AS-KR-KR - LG HelloVision Corp. 0.28%
AS9694 AS9694SEOKYUNG-CATV-AS-KR-KR - Seokyung Cable Television Co.. Ltd. 0.26%
AS45361 AS45361JCN-AS-KR-KR - Ulsan Jung-Ang Broadcasting Network 0.18%
AS10066 AS10066GAYANET-AS-KR-KR - LG HelloVision Corp. 0.18%
AS9946 AS9946CABLENET-AS-KR-KR - KCTV JEJU BROADCASTING 0.18%
AS17839 AS17839DREAMPLUS-AS-KR-KR - LG HelloVision Corp. 0.17%
AS9770 AS9770SPEEDONSTV-AS-KR-KR - LG HelloVision Corp. 0.17%
AS9319 AS9319HCNCHUNGJU-AS-KR-KR - HCN CHUNGBUK CABLE TV SYSTEMS 0.15%

Where measurements come from

Each network's share of measurements over the last 30 days. When a few networks account for most of them, the rest can only be judged from scattered data.

Measurements by networkAS17858AS4766AS9318AS17853AS9316Others
  • AS17858POWERVIS-AS-KR-KR - LG POWERCOMM24.5%
  • AS4766KIXS-AS-KR-KR - Korea Telecom24.0%
  • AS9318SKB-AS-KR - SK Broadband Co Ltd21.4%
  • AS17853LGTELECOM-AS-KR-KR - LGTELECOM10.7%
  • AS9316DACOM-PUBNETPLUS-AS-KR-KR - DACOM-PUBNETPLUS7.4%
  • Others12.0%

3 more networks are not in APNIC's user estimates and account for 1.8% of measurements; most are academic, hosting, or cloud networks.

Daily measurements

Measurements OONI Probe sends from this region each day, split by result. OK means the result matched the control. An anomaly means it did not, which can be blocking but also an unstable connection or a problem with the site itself. Confirmed blocking is an anomaly that matches a known blocking pattern, such as a redirect to a block page. Failure means the test did not complete, for example because the connection dropped midway.

Measurements per dayOKAnomalyConfirmedFailure
010k20k08/2109/2010/192026/08/21 OK 4,4952026/08/21 Anomaly 1922026/08/21 Confirmed 52026/08/21 Failure 2112026/08/22 OK 5,9802026/08/22 Anomaly 1632026/08/22 Confirmed 422026/08/22 Failure 2932026/08/23 OK 7,1472026/08/23 Anomaly 1972026/08/23 Confirmed 62026/08/23 Failure 3162026/08/24 OK 4,8542026/08/24 Anomaly 1982026/08/24 Confirmed 82026/08/24 Failure 5122026/08/25 OK 5,6412026/08/25 Anomaly 2772026/08/25 Confirmed 92026/08/25 Failure 4602026/08/26 OK 6,9102026/08/26 Anomaly 2382026/08/26 Confirmed 552026/08/26 Failure 4122026/08/27 OK 4,2752026/08/27 Anomaly 1892026/08/27 Confirmed 52026/08/27 Failure 3062026/08/28 OK 5,8052026/08/28 Anomaly 1632026/08/28 Confirmed 42026/08/28 Failure 3192026/08/29 OK 4,4412026/08/29 Anomaly 1452026/08/29 Confirmed 162026/08/29 Failure 4942026/08/30 OK 5,1432026/08/30 Anomaly 1342026/08/30 Confirmed 122026/08/30 Failure 4322026/08/31 OK 7,1432026/08/31 Anomaly 2212026/08/31 Confirmed 42026/08/31 Failure 5112026/09/01 OK 3,5012026/09/01 Anomaly 982026/09/01 Confirmed 62026/09/01 Failure 3692026/09/02 OK 4,7052026/09/02 Anomaly 1442026/09/02 Confirmed 52026/09/02 Failure 2502026/09/03 OK 7,6022026/09/03 Anomaly 4502026/09/03 Confirmed 32026/09/03 Failure 4362026/09/04 OK 5,4942026/09/04 Anomaly 1672026/09/04 Confirmed 02026/09/04 Failure 3802026/09/05 OK 5,2272026/09/05 Anomaly 1662026/09/05 Confirmed 142026/09/05 Failure 4042026/09/06 OK 4,1922026/09/06 Anomaly 1162026/09/06 Confirmed 52026/09/06 Failure 1932026/09/07 OK 3,6532026/09/07 Anomaly 1212026/09/07 Confirmed 132026/09/07 Failure 3382026/09/08 OK 5,2122026/09/08 Anomaly 1802026/09/08 Confirmed 72026/09/08 Failure 3232026/09/09 OK 4,6452026/09/09 Anomaly 1292026/09/09 Confirmed 22026/09/09 Failure 1652026/09/10 OK 4,8992026/09/10 Anomaly 1632026/09/10 Confirmed 182026/09/10 Failure 2932026/09/11 OK 5,8932026/09/11 Anomaly 2502026/09/11 Confirmed 192026/09/11 Failure 1,5462026/09/12 OK 3,9972026/09/12 Anomaly 1252026/09/12 Confirmed 62026/09/12 Failure 2702026/09/13 OK 4,5942026/09/13 Anomaly 1222026/09/13 Confirmed 02026/09/13 Failure 982026/09/14 OK 3,7642026/09/14 Anomaly 842026/09/14 Confirmed 02026/09/14 Failure 512026/09/15 OK 3,2002026/09/15 Anomaly 1012026/09/15 Confirmed 42026/09/15 Failure 1062026/09/16 OK 5,2092026/09/16 Anomaly 1992026/09/16 Confirmed 02026/09/16 Failure 1332026/09/17 OK 4,6122026/09/17 Anomaly 1122026/09/17 Confirmed 12026/09/17 Failure 1452026/09/18 OK 3,6432026/09/18 Anomaly 1032026/09/18 Confirmed 42026/09/18 Failure 562026/09/19 OK 4,4562026/09/19 Anomaly 1572026/09/19 Confirmed 372026/09/19 Failure 2152026/09/20 OK 6,0922026/09/20 Anomaly 1872026/09/20 Confirmed 62026/09/20 Failure 1852026/09/21 OK 5,9022026/09/21 Anomaly 2352026/09/21 Confirmed 62026/09/21 Failure 2232026/09/22 OK 6,8692026/09/22 Anomaly 3132026/09/22 Confirmed 02026/09/22 Failure 2872026/09/23 OK 8,3762026/09/23 Anomaly 3922026/09/23 Confirmed 42026/09/23 Failure 2982026/09/24 OK 5,4892026/09/24 Anomaly 3012026/09/24 Confirmed 82026/09/24 Failure 2862026/09/25 OK 9,5582026/09/25 Anomaly 4472026/09/25 Confirmed 62026/09/25 Failure 3712026/09/26 OK 8,3102026/09/26 Anomaly 4152026/09/26 Confirmed 82026/09/26 Failure 5212026/09/27 OK 7,9332026/09/27 Anomaly 6542026/09/27 Confirmed 72026/09/27 Failure 4782026/09/28 OK 5,8932026/09/28 Anomaly 3492026/09/28 Confirmed 02026/09/28 Failure 4672026/09/29 OK 5,9462026/09/29 Anomaly 2832026/09/29 Confirmed 32026/09/29 Failure 3562026/09/30 OK 6,5002026/09/30 Anomaly 3242026/09/30 Confirmed 02026/09/30 Failure 2882026/10/01 OK 8,2192026/10/01 Anomaly 4352026/10/01 Confirmed 142026/10/01 Failure 4322026/10/02 OK 7,5302026/10/02 Anomaly 3812026/10/02 Confirmed 32026/10/02 Failure 3872026/10/03 OK 9,2892026/10/03 Anomaly 4122026/10/03 Confirmed 32026/10/03 Failure 4272026/10/04 OK 7,3162026/10/04 Anomaly 3242026/10/04 Confirmed 32026/10/04 Failure 2752026/10/05 OK 10,6962026/10/05 Anomaly 2852026/10/05 Confirmed 02026/10/05 Failure 3852026/10/06 OK 7,2392026/10/06 Anomaly 2172026/10/06 Confirmed 02026/10/06 Failure 3762026/10/07 OK 4,4842026/10/07 Anomaly 1542026/10/07 Confirmed 02026/10/07 Failure 922026/10/08 OK 3,7962026/10/08 Anomaly 1272026/10/08 Confirmed 02026/10/08 Failure 2562026/10/09 OK 3,8792026/10/09 Anomaly 1142026/10/09 Confirmed 32026/10/09 Failure 1212026/10/10 OK 2,0092026/10/10 Anomaly 702026/10/10 Confirmed 52026/10/10 Failure 1262026/10/11 OK 6,7652026/10/11 Anomaly 3052026/10/11 Confirmed 22026/10/11 Failure 4162026/10/12 OK 6,8152026/10/12 Anomaly 5592026/10/12 Confirmed 22026/10/12 Failure 4042026/10/13 OK 4,5262026/10/13 Anomaly 3332026/10/13 Confirmed 22026/10/13 Failure 2902026/10/14 OK 4,3822026/10/14 Anomaly 1872026/10/14 Confirmed 152026/10/14 Failure 2372026/10/15 OK 7,1612026/10/15 Anomaly 4522026/10/15 Confirmed 282026/10/15 Failure 1992026/10/16 OK 4,1592026/10/16 Anomaly 3242026/10/16 Confirmed 332026/10/16 Failure 2252026/10/17 OK 4,4152026/10/17 Anomaly 2502026/10/17 Confirmed 92026/10/17 Failure 1862026/10/18 OK 4,8532026/10/18 Anomaly 3582026/10/18 Confirmed 522026/10/18 Failure 2412026/10/19 OK 4,1622026/10/19 Anomaly 2772026/10/19 Confirmed 152026/10/19 Failure 237
Networks measured per day
051008/2109/2010/192026/08/21 Networks measured 62026/08/22 Networks measured 52026/08/23 Networks measured 82026/08/24 Networks measured 72026/08/25 Networks measured 62026/08/26 Networks measured 82026/08/27 Networks measured 62026/08/28 Networks measured 72026/08/29 Networks measured 72026/08/30 Networks measured 52026/08/31 Networks measured 62026/09/01 Networks measured 42026/09/02 Networks measured 52026/09/03 Networks measured 72026/09/04 Networks measured 82026/09/05 Networks measured 82026/09/06 Networks measured 62026/09/07 Networks measured 52026/09/08 Networks measured 82026/09/09 Networks measured 82026/09/10 Networks measured 72026/09/11 Networks measured 62026/09/12 Networks measured 82026/09/13 Networks measured 72026/09/14 Networks measured 72026/09/15 Networks measured 52026/09/16 Networks measured 62026/09/17 Networks measured 72026/09/18 Networks measured 72026/09/19 Networks measured 62026/09/20 Networks measured 72026/09/21 Networks measured 72026/09/22 Networks measured 102026/09/23 Networks measured 92026/09/24 Networks measured 52026/09/25 Networks measured 72026/09/26 Networks measured 72026/09/27 Networks measured 62026/09/28 Networks measured 82026/09/29 Networks measured 72026/09/30 Networks measured 82026/10/01 Networks measured 62026/10/02 Networks measured 72026/10/03 Networks measured 102026/10/04 Networks measured 72026/10/05 Networks measured 102026/10/06 Networks measured 92026/10/07 Networks measured 82026/10/08 Networks measured 62026/10/09 Networks measured 52026/10/10 Networks measured 42026/10/11 Networks measured 82026/10/12 Networks measured 72026/10/13 Networks measured 82026/10/14 Networks measured 72026/10/15 Networks measured 92026/10/16 Networks measured 72026/10/17 Networks measured 82026/10/18 Networks measured 82026/10/19 Networks measured 6

Users covered

The share of this region's internet users, by APNIC's estimates, on networks that had at least one measurement that day. One measurement is enough to count, so this is an upper bound rather than a sign that every network is measured enough.

Users covered (%)
05010008/2109/2010/192026/08/21 Users covered 74.62026/08/22 Users covered 70.32026/08/23 Users covered 82.02026/08/24 Users covered 77.12026/08/25 Users covered 74.62026/08/26 Users covered 92.62026/08/27 Users covered 79.42026/08/28 Users covered 81.92026/08/29 Users covered 77.12026/08/30 Users covered 28.52026/08/31 Users covered 77.12026/09/01 Users covered 28.52026/09/02 Users covered 74.52026/09/03 Users covered 79.42026/09/04 Users covered 82.62026/09/05 Users covered 77.12026/09/06 Users covered 74.52026/09/07 Users covered 57.22026/09/08 Users covered 87.82026/09/09 Users covered 81.92026/09/10 Users covered 79.42026/09/11 Users covered 79.42026/09/12 Users covered 77.22026/09/13 Users covered 77.12026/09/14 Users covered 91.02026/09/15 Users covered 28.52026/09/16 Users covered 75.72026/09/17 Users covered 81.92026/09/18 Users covered 81.82026/09/19 Users covered 77.12026/09/20 Users covered 81.92026/09/21 Users covered 80.02026/09/22 Users covered 93.22026/09/23 Users covered 82.02026/09/24 Users covered 75.02026/09/25 Users covered 81.82026/09/26 Users covered 67.92026/09/27 Users covered 79.42026/09/28 Users covered 79.42026/09/29 Users covered 74.72026/09/30 Users covered 79.42026/10/01 Users covered 77.22026/10/02 Users covered 77.32026/10/03 Users covered 82.12026/10/04 Users covered 82.02026/10/05 Users covered 81.92026/10/06 Users covered 81.92026/10/07 Users covered 79.42026/10/08 Users covered 74.52026/10/09 Users covered 77.02026/10/10 Users covered 68.32026/10/11 Users covered 87.72026/10/12 Users covered 75.02026/10/13 Users covered 77.12026/10/14 Users covered 75.62026/10/15 Users covered 82.92026/10/16 Users covered 80.42026/10/17 Users covered 71.32026/10/18 Users covered 75.52026/10/19 Users covered 73.5

Steady coverage

Coverage counts a network as soon as it has a single measurement, even if it was measured on only a day or two. Steady coverage counts only networks measured on at least 15 of the last 30 days. The wider the gap between the two, the more users sit on networks with only scattered measurements.

Users covered 94.5% Measured on at least one day
Users steadily covered 81.8% Measured on at least 15 days

Messaging app tests

OONI Probe tests whether the servers of Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram can be reached. An anomaly only means the result differed from what was expected, which an unstable connection can also cause. An anomaly rate close to 100% usually means the app is blocked there. Rates are left out when there were fewer than 30 measurements in the last 30 days.

Anomaly rate in South Korea, last 30 days
  • Signal0.2%
  • WhatsApp2.7%
  • Telegram2.4%

Up to 1,614 measurements per app

Across regions

Users covered by networks measured in the last 30 days. Each small chart shows the daily coverage over the last 60 days on one shared scale, so the levels compare directly. Open a region for its full charts.

TaiwanTW 88.6% Hong KongHK 66.6% MacauMO 85.9% JapanJP 84.4% South KoreaKR 94.5% SingaporeSG 82.1% VietnamVN 99.0% ThailandTH 97.5% MalaysiaMY 96.5% IndonesiaID 80.6% PhilippinesPH 89.9% IndiaIN 91.6%

Small-chart scale: 0% to 100%.

RegionCoveredSteady
TaiwanTW 88.6% 54.1%
Hong KongHK 66.6% 31.2%
MacauMO 85.9% 0.0%
JapanJP 84.4% 72.9%
South KoreaKR 94.5% 81.8%
SingaporeSG 82.1% 35.2%
VietnamVN 99.0% 93.9%
ThailandTH 97.5% 48.9%
MalaysiaMY 96.5% 95.1%
IndonesiaID 80.6% 69.7%
PhilippinesPH 89.9% 86.9%
IndiaIN 91.6% 86.3%

Messaging app anomaly rates across regions

Anomaly rates over the last 30 days, with rates above half highlighted. The last rows are reference regions without their own pages, which have records of blocking to compare against.

RegionSignalWhatsAppTelegram
TaiwanTW 0.9%1.8%1.6%
Hong KongHK 1.0%0.7%0.5%
MacauMO –––
JapanJP 0.5%0.7%0.5%
South KoreaKR 0.2%2.7%2.4%
SingaporeSG 1.0%0.3%1.2%
VietnamVN 0.1%0.2%0.5%
ThailandTH 0.5%0.2%0.3%
MalaysiaMY <0.1%0.1%1.1%
IndonesiaID 3.0%0.5%0.7%
PhilippinesPH 0.2%0.1%2.6%
IndiaIN 1.9%0.4%1.7%
Reference regions
ChinaCN 98.6%98.2%99.1%
MyanmarMM 97.3%98.8%0.4%
CambodiaKH 29.6%35.4%2.4%
PakistanPK 97.2%0.6%99.4%
BangladeshBD 0.5%0.2%0.3%

Glossary

  • OONI Probe: an open-source app from OONI that tests from a phone or computer whether websites and services can be reached, with the results published in OONI's database
  • Measurement: one result of OONI Probe testing one website or service. A single run of the website test produces hundreds, so a high count does not mean many people ran tests
  • Autonomous system (ASN): a group of networks run by one organisation under one routing policy, such as a telecom, a university or a cloud provider, each with its own AS number. A telecom's fixed and mobile networks are often separate ASNs
  • Network names: copied from APNIC and RIPE NCC registry records and often abbreviated. In Taiwan, for example, HINET is Chunghwa Telecom's fixed network and EMOME-NET its mobile network
  • APNIC: the Asia Pacific Network Information Centre, which allocates IP addresses and ASNs in the region and estimates each network's users from sampled web ads
  • Users, Measured (%): Users is the network's share of the region's internet users, and Measured is its share of the region's measurements. The further apart the two are, the more the measurements are out of proportion to the users
  • Days: how many of the last 30 days had any measurements
  • Users covered: the share of the region's internet users on networks with measurements, where a single measurement is enough to count
  • Users steadily covered: counts only networks measured on at least 15 of the last 30 days
  • Top two networks: the share of measurements from the two most measured networks; lower means more spread out
  • pp (percentage points): the difference between two percentages. Coverage going from 94.6% to 93.9% is written as −0.7 pp
  • OK, anomaly, confirmed, failure: OK means the result matched the control. An anomaly means it did not, which can be blocking or an unstable connection. Confirmed blocking is an anomaly matching a known blocking pattern. A failure is a test that did not complete
  • Anomaly rate (messaging apps): the share of the app's measurements that were anomalies. Close to 100% usually means the app is blocked there
  • Reference region: a region without its own page, listed in a comparison table for contrast

How the numbers are calculated

  • Measurement counts come from OONI's aggregation API, across all tests, grouped by the day each measurement started (UTC)
  • Users per network are APNIC's estimates, derived from ad-based sampling and updated weekly
  • Network names come from the APNIC and RIPE NCC ASN name lists
  • A single measurement is enough for a network to count as measured; whether it is measured enough shows in its share of measurements and the number of days
  • Steady coverage counts only networks measured on at least 15 of the last 30 days
  • Messaging app results also come from the OONI aggregation API, counted by region; the reference regions at the end of the table have no pages of their own
  • Days without measurements are left as gaps in the charts rather than filled in

Help fill the gaps

  • Install OONI Probe and run tests on your own connection, on a phone or a computer. Mobile data and home broadband are usually different ASNs, so testing on both helps
  • The community's OONI Run link 10328 sets everything up in one tap; see the OONI Run v2 guide for the risks to consider before installing and what the list contains
  • Maintaining the OONI Test List: the list decides which websites get tested, and help with Taiwan's tw.csv is welcome
  • ASN Coverage: a command-line tool that downloads raw measurements and breaks them down by network type and blocking method

Reading the measurement data