The Internet Coup documents how a Chinese company exports the Great Firewall

In mid-September, you may have noticed something significant: approximately 500GB of data was made public. This data pertains to China's Great Firewall (GFW) technology and how this system is exported and implemented in other authoritarian regimes.

InterSecLab, a digital security-focused laboratory, became aware of this leaked data around December 2024 and promptly took action. Over the course of 10 months, they collaborated with several organizations and tech communities to verify and analyze the leaked data. The findings were published in a report released on September 12, 2025.

Although we (Anonymous Network Community) did not assist in the initial stages, after the report was released, we quickly reviewed its content. The report confirmed many of the long-suspected capabilities of the Great Firewall. Furthermore, the report provided a clearer picture of the teams and organizations operating behind the scenes. Their development environment is similar to that of modern startup teams, with operations and maintenance for international deployments being remotely executable. In other words, the Chinese Communist Party government and other client countries can activate customized or general rules with a single click!

Details

If you read English, the primary source is InterSecLab's own report, The Internet Coup, which covers the leaked data and the operational side of the Great Firewall in full. Our work here is the translation, not a separate analysis.

The Mandarin translation (Taiwanese terminology, zh-TW) is for Chinese-reading audiences. Its layout follows the INDEX section of the original, split into eight chapters so a reader can cross-reference against the source while going through it.

Acknowledgments

Finally, we would like to thank Marla Rivera from InterSecLab for accepting our proposal to participate in the translation process and for the subsequent encouragement. This report has provided us with a clearer understanding of the risks posed by China. Once again, thank you!

Next Steps

We have opened a discussion channel regarding this report. If you have any thoughts after reading, feel free to join the discussion and share with us. InterSecLab plans to hold a follow-up discussion meeting about the report. If you're interested in participating, please let us know via email, and we will facilitate sending out an invitation from InterSecLab.

Additionally, InterSecLab intends to further explore the leaked data's code. If you're interested in joining the "Review Code" activities, you can directly contact InterSecLab to express your interest in participating.

Thank you for supporting us (Anonymous Network Community)!